This pair of boots is synthetic, i.e., it’s not made of not leather.
這雙靴子是合成的，也就是說，它不是真皮製的。Freddy failed to pass the required course, i.e., he has to take it again.
= Freddy failed to pass the required course—in other words, he has to take it again.
Freddy 必修課被當了，換句話說，他必須重修。
vs.
想表示「 A 對決 B」 的時候，我們常常會用到 vs.，但你是不是也曾經不自覺地寫錯了呢？它是 versus 的縮寫，意思是「以…為對手；對決」，可以寫成 vs. 或 vs 或 v.，就是絕對不能寫 v.s.！
The next round is Wild Cat vs. Eagle.
下一輪是野貓隊對老鷹隊。
▲來看看影片中怎麼使用 vs. : 女生的「揪團尿尿」文化 (Going To Pee: Guys VS Girls)
etc.
看到 etc. 千萬不要照著字母唸出來喔！它是拉丁文 et cetera 的縮寫，意思是「等等，諸如此類」，相當於 and so on / and so forth。
It would be great if you could bring cakes, buns, donuts, etc. to the picnic.
= It would be great if you could bring cakes, buns, donuts, and so on to the picnic.
若你來野餐時能帶些蛋糕、小圓麵包、甜甜圈等的話，那就太棒了！The English Department offers courses such as English Literature, Linguistics, American Literature, etc.
= The English Department offers courses such as English Literature, Linguistics, American Literature, and so forth.
英文系提供如英國文學、語言學，和美國文學等多種課程。
