阿富汗內政部12日表示,目前在國會擔任顧問的知名女記者曼加爾(Mina Mangal),11日在上班途中遭到歹徒持槍近距離殺害,槍手行兇後逃逸無蹤。半島電視台稱,雖然沒有任何團體出面承認涉案,但阿富汗首都經常發生這類命案,而且通常都是「伊斯蘭國」或「基地」組織所為。這起案件也讓阿富汗女權與記者人身安全的相關問題,再度浮上檯面。
光天化日下大膽行兇
曼加爾在進入國會文化委員會擔任顧問之前,曾在好幾家電視台擔任記者,也長期在普什圖語(Pashto-language,阿富汗兩種官方語言之一)頻道擔任節目主持人。11日上午7時20分左右,曼加爾在首都喀布爾的上班途中遭近距離槍殺,槍手隨即逃逸。警方雖立刻展開偵辦,但目前連兇手身份與犯案動機都無法掌握。
#Farkhunda was burned to death, #BabyMahsa was kidnapped, raped & killed, #BibiAyesha nose was cut, Women got stoned and today #MinaMangal shoot 9 times. All these crimes took place mainly during the day & mainly in the green zone capital city of #Kabul. #StopKillingWomen pic.twitter.com/X1MUf64fNP
— Diva Patang (@DivaPatang) May 11, 2019
曼加爾除了是媒體人,更是一位堅定的女權運動者,積極推廣女性有受教權與工作權,最近才受邀在國會擔任文化委員會的顧問。曼加爾死後,引發阿富汗社群媒體熱烈討論針對女性的暴力犯罪。與曼加爾共事的國會議員諾札伊(Shagufa Noorzai)說,阿富汗女性在喀布爾街頭經常成為被鎖定殺害的目標,曼加爾遇害也是相同的模式。
諾札伊在推特上細數喀布爾的幾起女性受害案件,她們的共同點都是在白天遇害,而且全都發生在首都喀布爾。這些受害女性包括被扔石頭、鼻子被切掉、被活活燒死、被綁架姦殺,這回則是曼加爾當街被開9槍。諾札伊不無悲憤地在推特上寫道:#停止殺害女性
So sad to hear, Journalist& Advisor to the Parliament #MinaMangal assassinated today in Kabul by unknown person. She was a strong self made woman; RIP #Mina. She isn’t the 1st and wouldn’t be the last lost(unfortunately). Serious protection 4 female journalists! Is what we need pic.twitter.com/6g205oQDA5
— Shagufa Noorzai (@Shagufa_Noorzai) 2019年5月11日
這起攻擊事件讓曼加爾的家人和同事萬分不捨,也燃起政界人士與女權運動者的怒火,包括最高法院與公民團體都呼籲政府嚴加偵辦。眾人譴責當局無力保護曼加爾,而警方則推說本案或許跟家庭糾紛有關,因為兩年前才與丈夫離異的曼加爾,曾控訴前夫涉及家暴。
How Many More? Journalist Mina Mangal Mysteriously Killed#MinaMangal #Kabul #Afghanistan pic.twitter.com/eKldMbA1sx
— Reporterly (@Reporterlyaf) May 11, 2019
So sad to hear, Journalist& Advisor to the Parliament #MinaMangal assassinated today in Kabul by unknown person. She was a strong self made woman; RIP #Mina. She isn’t the 1st and wouldn’t be the last lost(unfortunately). Serious protection 4 female journalists! Is what we need pic.twitter.com/l2KNhxkXPQ
— Zalma Kharooti (@ZalmaKharooty) May 11, 2019
阿富汗的女權運動者弗拉(Wazhma Frogh)表示,孟加爾最近才在臉書上抱怨收到威脅,擔心可能遇害。弗拉在推特上說:「女性光天化日遇害,是因為男性認為她該死」、「失去這個美麗的靈魂,我止不住眼淚。她勇於發聲,積極為人民說話。曼加爾在臉書上說自己受到威脅,但她相信真主,一個堅強的女人無須恐懼死亡。安息吧!曼加爾!」
Can’t stop my tears at the loss of this beautiful soul. She had a loud voice, & actively raising voice for her people. In this Facebook status she says she’s threatened & she says she she trusts her Allah & that a strong woman isn’t scared of death. RIP Mina Mangal pic.twitter.com/plsoYJlPlA
— Madam Frogh (@FroghWazhma) May 11, 2019
總部設在紐約的保護記者委員會(Committee to Protect Journalists)表示,記者近年在阿富汗受到越來越嚴重的生命威脅,1994年至2018年至少有48名記者遇害,2018年更有13名記者失去寶貴生命,這也是24年來死亡人數最高的一年,無國界記者組織(Reporters Without Borders)則把阿富汗列為2018年記者死亡率最高的國家。