下面有兩個範例句,請先看看後,找一下自己能否指正出說法不正確的原因...
(X) Although she didn't eat all day, but Rita doesn't feel hungry at all. 雖然Rita一整天都沒吃東西,但她一點也不覺得餓。
(X) Because I like building things, so I want to be an architect. 因為我喜歡建造東西,所以我想要當建築師。
往下讀,看你是否可找到答案。
要將某一狀況下發生的事講清楚,就要用副詞子句,如兩件事情的因果關係或兩個動作的發生順序。副詞子句是由時間、條件、原因、讓步及條件副詞所引導的子句。
1. 表時間: when、after、before、while、as
When I came home, my mom was talking with my dad on Skype.
當我到家的時候,媽媽正在和爸爸用SKYPE 聊天。
When連接的從屬子句是表示一個動作發生的時候,因此用過去式,而主要子句是描述另一個動作正在進行,因此用過去進行式。
After I graduate from college, I'll pursue my Masters at UC Berkeley.
大學畢業之後,我將會到加州大學柏克萊分校攻讀碩士學位。
當有after 引導的從屬子句中主詞與主要子句的主詞相同時,此例是I,可去掉從屬子句主詞並將動詞改為分詞 (V-ing),因此此句可改寫為 After graduating from college, I'll pursue my Masters at UC Berkeley此時的 after 會成為介係詞。
Before也有同樣的用法如 I usually pick up my breakfast before I go to work可改寫為 I usually pick up my breakfast before going to work。
2. 表原因: because、since、as
Because I didn't study, I failed math last semester.
因為我沒有念書,所以上學期數學不及格。
不可將because跟so一起用 (X) Because I didn't study, so I failed math last semester,可以說 I didn't study, so I failed math last semester,So 表示結果,用because 就不用so,用so 就不用because。
Since my scooter broke down this morning, I had to take a taxi to work.因為我的摩托車今天早上拋錨了,我只能搭計程車上班。
Since除了有「自從…以來」的意思,也可表示原因或既然。在台灣一般的摩托車叫scooter,motorcycle是指像哈雷那種摩托車。
3. 表讓步: although、though、even though
Although I didn't sleep last night, I still feel energetic today.
雖然我昨晚沒有睡,但我今天仍然精神抖擻。
Although 跟but不可一起用:
(X) Although I didn't sleep last night, but I still feel energetic today.
可以說I didn't sleep last night, but I still feel energetic today。用although就不用but,用but就不用although。
Even though he had a cold, Peter still went skiing withhis friends.即使感冒了,彼得仍然跟朋友去滑雪。
Even though 跟 even if 意思相同表示儘管、即使。注意though可以當連接詞或副詞,當副詞的用法是:
It's warm in the day; we can expect some snow late at night, though.
注意 though 這時是副詞,沒有連接詞功能,所以前面兩個子句要用分號隔開,在though前面要加逗點。
4. 表條件: if、in case、unless、once
If it rains tomorrow, we'll postpone the game.
如果明天下雨,比賽會順延。
If假設明天會發生的狀況,因此主要子句用未來式。回到這節文章開頭,這兩句話要這樣說才對:
Although she didn't eat all day, Rita doesn't feel hungry at all.
Because I like building things, I want to be an architect.
1. 副詞子句在句中是副詞作用,不能成為一個獨立句子。
2. 副詞子句在主要子句之前時要加逗點,在主要子句之後時不需加逗點。
3. 當有after 或before 在從屬子句中,其主詞與主要句的主詞相同時,可去掉從屬子句主詞並將動詞改為分詞 (V-ing),此時的 after 或 before 會成為介係詞。
本圖/文經授權轉載自世界公民文化中心(原篇名:搞清楚狀況)